· 17 min read
XRAM Injection: Bypassing USB Bridge Whitelists to Recover NVMe Drives
A complete technical guide to the XRAM injection technique for sending arbitrary NVMe admin commands through the ASMedia ASM2362 USB-to-NVMe bridge, bypassing its firmware opcode whitelist.
Introduction If you have ever tried to send a Format NVM or Sanitize command to an NVMe drive connected through a USB enclosure, you have probably...